If communication is known as an indispensable prerequisite for human individuation and at the same time for society as a whole, then it is clear how important is an advanced and critical discussion about criteria, scales, and standards of communication. This assignment is precisely the central task of communication ethics. It asks about the eligibility and justification of the norms that guide our communicative actions and behavior. Indeed questions of communication ethics are simultaneously questions of the moral and quality of our communicative actions and behavior.
We can sometimes ask ourselves, does lie have any ethical problems in the communication context, or it is permitted to use it?
A lie viewed as intentional deception. With a lie, In the communication context, the purpose of communication is pursued, that others believe something, that the liar knows, that it is not correct. To do this, the communication partner must understand the formulation of the liar. He must first understand what he is supposed to believe in the sense of the construction of meaning. In this view, the prerequisite for achieving the purpose of communication is to act successfully communicatively at the level of understanding the communication purpose. Understanding appears in these explanations, independently from the problem of truth.
Before-mentioned Lies can create and increase problems, but also can avoid or solve them.
There are many proverbs in all languages, which determine that the lies are admitted in literature. For instance, there is a proverb in my native language Persian that the translation into English is; Expedient lies are better than seductive truths. It is very complicated to define such a lie as part of morals in our communication or our speech, but there is some red line to differentiate it. For example when there is a danger to one’s life, or when there is some big problem, which can be changed simply with a lie than it is permitted to use it, and, it should not impair our morals. I draw it in an example. A man hat with his wife conflicted. He goes to his friend to talk to him about that accident. His friend is also his wife’s friend. While he was angry, he has told some untrue words about his wife. His wife also comes to him, and she narrated the same things as her husband, and moreover asks him; was he here, what he said to you, and so on. I ask you this question if you were in his place, what would you have done?

• Should you tell her, all that, what her husband told you? Does it impair your morals, if you change the harsh words in a softer form, or to rewrite it, or to ignore simply some parts of them? Or,
• You tell her all that, what her husband told you, one to one, without any change or ignorance?

As a human with the filling for a peaceful life, love, and friendship, assuredly, the first one is more rational than the second one. Ultimately, it is our decision, what to do to be able to answer to our conscience, and not to harm our conscience, reputation, and personality.

The above information is mostly taken from Wikipedia. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/communication-ethics

This part of my topic corresponding to the use of communication in the business context. In our online course, we have learned many very useful aspects of business communication theoretically and practically as well. Here I am going to focus again on the definition and introductory parts of the business communication.
Business communication refers to the exchange of information between individuals inside and outside of the organization, which aims to obtain profits for the organization. Business communication can be defined simply by transferring information in a business by the internal and external employees and shareholders of the organizations. Business communication includes the following topics:
Marketing refers, on the one hand, to that part of the company whose task is to market or to offer for sale products and services in such a way that the buyers perceive this offer as desirable; on the other hand, this term describes a concept of holistic, market-oriented corporate management to meet the needs and expectations of customers and other stakeholders. This develops the marketing understanding from an operational technique to influence the purchasing decision to a leading concept that performs other functions such as procurement, production, administration, and personnel.
Brand management or Brand techniques are the structure and further development of a brand over time. The main objective of brand management is to distinguish one’s performance from the offer of competitors and to differentiate itself noticeably from the competitors via its products or services.
Customer relationship management( CRM) refers to the consistent orientation of a company towards its customers and the systematic design of customer relationship processes. The associated documentation and management of customer relationships is an important building block and enables in-depth relationship marketing. In many sectors (e.g. telecommunications, mail order business, service companies) business-to-customer relationships are long-term. With CRM, these customer relationships are maintained, which should have a significant impact on the company’s success.
Customer behavior (including purchasing behavior, consumer behavior or buyer behavior) is meant the behavior of the buyer concerning the purchase of goods.
Advertising is the dissemination of information to the public or selected target groups, to publicize, promoting sales or maintaining the image of mostly for-profit companies or their products and services, is rarely also used for free, non-profit-oriented services or information.
Public relations term was used for the first time at Yale University (USA) in 1882. The terms may refer both to a mediation activity between organizations and their reference groups and to the unit of an organization that is responsible for them.
Corporate Communication records all internal communication processes, such as teamwork or decision-making processes and covers all external communication processes as well.
Reputation management is the controlling, monitoring and influence of the reputation of an individual, group, organization or product.
Interpersonal communication comprises communication or communication processes from the perspective that the people, in particular, are the communicators. This perspective is more specific than the more general view of communication, in which all living beings are involved.
Interorganizational communication explains the structures, forms, and processes created by the exchange of messages and the co-creation of meaning among organizations and their stakeholders, which comprises four different sorts of relations: affinity, flow, representational, and semantic*.
There are also some other topics like; employee engagement (the popular definition is from William Kahn which is recognized as the first formal definition of personnel engagement it is: „the harnessing of organization members‘ selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances“), and event management (refers to the use of project management techniques to organize ceremonies, events or large-scale meetings such as festivals, conferences, concerts, or conventions. The process of planning and coordinating can include budgeting, scheduling, selecting the place, obtaining necessary permits, coordinating the transportation, arranging speakers or artists, setting décor, security, reception, and coordination with third-party vendors.
These are closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication.

The above information is mostly taken from Wikipedia *https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319596238_Interorganizational_Communication

Terminology, Introduction, History, and the Models of communication:
It is very important in our everyday life to communicate with each other and to live peacefully in our society. Miscommunication drives us away from our goals and objectives and makes our development process slow, difficult or completely impossible.
Communication is an enormous term which we can not cover all the aspects of this term in one or two pages. but I focus here on some introductory points, definition, historical aspect and models.
Communication comes from the Latin verb „communicare“ which means „to share, to tell, let participate; to do together, to unite“. In this original meaning, social performance is meant in which several people are involved. Essential aspects of this social action are, on the one hand, stimulation and execution of sign processes, and on the other hand, participation, in which something arises as something jointly (Latin „Communio“: community, „communis“: common).
Communication (Latin „communicatio“) is the exchange or transmission of information that can take place in different forms (verbal, non-verbal) or in different ways like (speaking, writing, through signs and symbols), etc. „Information“ in this context is a summary term for knowledge, insight, experience or empathy. Exchange means a „mutual give and take process“ or it is the process of transferring messages from the sender to the receiver in a condition that the meaning should be matched between them. „Transmission“ is the description of how distances can be overcome or it is meant to be an idea, thoughts, opinions, etc. „leave“ one individual and „get into“ another.
Regarding the description of communication, several different approaches can be distinguished, which are characterized by specific basic assumptions.
The main differences in access methods are, firstly, as what the communicators are conceptually perceived: as human beings, as living beings (human beings and animals), as machines, as behaving bodies, as acting beings.
the Second different ways of access are, whether the communication is regarded as something fundamentally social or as a sum of the individual (individual events, individual actions).
Thirdly, differences arise from, which parts are highlighted (the side of production or reception).
The different approaches lead to different terms of communication, communication models and communication theories.
the word „Communication“ besides its original meaning „social interaction“, is also used for other operations and processes in different contexts. The increasing use of communication technology, led for instance, that the technical aspects also entered into the concept of communication. Amongst Communication nowadays understood also „data transmission“, „mutual control“ and in simple cases „connection of devices“; in other situations, communication is related to institutions or companies and their target groups.
The basics of human communication are mainly language. The story of human speech is about 500,000 BCE and the symbols to transfer this speech were developed about 30,000 years ago. The oldest painting of communication symbols was cave painting a form of rock art.
various models of communication:
The different access methods described above lead to that, that communication is also modeled differently. This means that communication is presented differently and that the different sequences and processes are described and placed in the foreground. In everyday life also such models are used to explain one’s communication and to derive strategies. A main, often unconsciously distinction in everyday modeling is whether it is near to the side of production (speaking, writing, generally: „expression page“) or the side of reception (listening, reading, generally: „impression page“) highlighted.
The widespread has also found the sender-receiver model, which is also described the interpersonal communication with the terms from the signal transmission. Therefore, no actions and strategies can be derived for communication in everyday life and working life from this model.

The above information is mostly taken from Wikipedia.

A Brief History of my Life

My name is S. M. Ibrahimi, and I come from Afghanistan. I have studied Russian language and literature from high school in 2005 to 2009 at Kabul University. I studied and worked together for about five years. Besides my mother languages Persian (Dari) I speak Pashto, Russian, English, and German. I am living in Germany now. I am studying Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in Business and Economics in my free time. Hopefully, the contents of my blog could be useful for you, and you can enjoy reading it.
Kindest of Regards